Existing Global Institutions and their problems :: Essays Papers

Existing Global Institutions and their problemsIn an increasingly connected and interdependent world, global institutions die hard an important role in promoting stability and guiding developing countries towards becoming market economies. This process and the importance of this role was never more clear than during the 1990s. In Eastern Europe, a host of new countries appeared on the world map franticly began running towards capitalism and prosperity. The premier international institution, the International Monetary Fund, was given the voiceless task of crediting emerging economies and providing the western know-how to build strong market economies. Alas, in many cases, it failed. Possibly, the most tragic example was that of Russia. Some argue that the fund had humbled desings and was fundamentally uncap equal of this great project. This essay will explore why the fund failed, how its decisions were made, and what must be done in an ideal institution that would be able to accom plish the task.Currently, or over the last decade, the fund was in a peculiar situation. It essentially gave loans to countries that were politically important to the west, such as Russia and Brazil, repeatedly bailing them come to the fore of crises which their poor policies led it to. The fund also prescribed certain reforms and policies that should improve the economy over the long tuerm. Unfortunately, these recommendations were all too frequently either incorrect, as in Asia, or were ignored altogether, as in Russia. The reason is the simple moral hazard. There was no real reason to comply and change inside, when a state knew that they will be given the loan anyway, for the west had political reasons such as the fear that the country will renounce democracy and the like. It is important to refute the illusion early on that the IMF was truly international or independent body. It was, and is massively underfunded ant the result is that its directors have to ask the US exchequer department for funds, giving the bosses of the treasury such as Robert Rubin and Larry Summers immense influence over the funds policies. Therefore, while the fund essentially promoted policies of the American government, or the Washington concensus, it was often used as a scapegoat. Whenever something was wrong, such as a crisis precipitating due to poor and not peer-accepted recommendations, as was the case in Asia in 1998, some blamed the department of the Treasury of the Clinton administration. Problems were attributed to the fund, which is labeled as international, and to such mysterious and ill-understood phenomena such as globalization.

Elements of Romanticism in Stokers Dracula Essay -- essays research pa

During the Romantic Era, Bram Stoker created a timeless monster in his novel, genus Dracula. Stoker uses a series of letters and journal entries to see to it the story form a first person point of view. The Count, for whom the book is named, seems to be invincible to mere man. Stoker uses his character of Dracula to reflect the elements of love affair through his supernatural powers, a fascination with youth and innocence, and imagery. Dracula seems to possess unexplainable supernatural powers. When Jonathan Harker is traveling to castle Dracula, he is unaware that the driver of his aim is the Count himself. During the nocturnal journey, the coach is circled by wolves, not knowing what to do Jonathan calls for the coachman and in return heard his Draculas voice raised in a beef up of imperious command, and looking towards the sound saw him stand in the roadway. As he swept his long arm, as though brushing aside round impalpable obstacle, the wolves fell back and back further st ill (23). This unnatural power over the wolves is Stokers first way of showing Draculas power over nature. Harker also describes in his journal that one evening I saw the whole man slowly emerge from the window and begin to crawl down the castle jetty over that dreadful abyss, face down with his cloak spreading out around him like owing(p) wings I saw the fingers and toes grasp the corners of the stones and inequality move downwards with considerable speed, just as a lizard moves along a wall (43). This tr...

Biblical Flood Myth of Genesis and the Flood Myth of the Epic of Gilgam

The Flood of the Bible and the Flood of Gilgamesh The story of Noahs Ark, as told in the old testament, tells how God punished the world because it had become corrupt. God accomplished this by alluvial sedimenting the world, and annihilating all the creatures upon it, except for Noah and his family and a pair of each type of creature on the earth. Each decade, more insight is gained into the origin of the flood story. Based on the information available at the present time, one could argue that the story of Noahs Ark was based on the Epic of Gilgamesh. The story of Noahs Ark was first written as part of the old testament by the Jewish people. However, it is predated by utmost by the story of the Epic of Gilgamesh, a story that originated in the same area that holds many striking similarities to the tale of Noahs Ark. Though the story was modify to accommodate new characters, many properties of the story are similar, from small details like the creatures used as scouts to the rel igious purpose of the flood itself. For example, both the flood stories start with the characters re...

The Courage and Strength in All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Mar

The Courage and Strength in All Quiet on the western Front by Erich Maria RemarqueAs I enter my outlast week as a twenty-year-old, I find myself nostalgically looking back on the past two decades date wondering what life has in store for me over the next two. Where will I be in twenty years? What will I create accomplished? Where will I be living? Will I be married? Have chil wait a minute, no, that one will beget to wait a few more years. These questions have all passed through my mind at one point or another over the last few weeks, but I realize that they are really quite a luxury. Paul, the narrator of Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet on the Western Front, never had the opportunity to lean back from his desk and daydream about what the next twenty years of his life had in store for him. He was busy scheme bullets and artillery shells, trying to stay alive on Germanys Western Front during World War I. Paul and I are united on the grounds of age and nothing more, yet somehow, while following him through his service in the War, I feel connected to him. After finishing the novel, I ruminated on this idea for some time and eventually came to the conclusion that the connection I feel with Paul is a mixture of empathy and envy. I empathize with him because he put down the pen and took up the rifle in service of his country, just as I would do if called upon. I envy him because he exudes the qualities of a brilliant soldier, meticulous narrator, and man of faith even in times of mortal danger, especially in times of mortal danger. In the midst of the flog bombardment he has yet to face, Paul shines his brightest by illuminating in vivid detail not only the hellish onslaught unfolding or so him, but also the intr... ...helling becomes a wonderfully connected verse of one soldiers struggle to preserve himself against all odds. What more can be said about Paul? Soldier, narrator, believer, he is the embodiment of each, and would not be complete as one or two without being the third. I do not envy his situation, but rather his ability. I hope I never have to experience the modern-day equivalent of his service, but I enjoy the courage and strength he pours into duty. Seeing what he went through makes me wonder if my generation would be capable of standing up to fight if we were called upon as he was. Would we persevere as he did? Would I? I believe the answer is yes and that is why I empathize with him nearly a century later as one young man to another. Works CitedRemarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. Trans. A.W. Wheen. New York Ballantine, 1982.

Operations Management Essay -- essays research papers

Operations ManagementOperations focal point focuses on managing the processes of producing and distributing products and services. Operations activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. It deals with all trading operations indoors the organization. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The nature of how operations centering is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc. In operation management a great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Efficiency is when processes be being completed at the lowest cost possible. long suit is having the right processes that will create the most value for the company. In addition, operations processes depend entirely on the decisions made by management. When management makes decisions, the concept of morals comes in to play. Managers who fail to provide leadership and incorporate systems that facilitate ethical conduct per centum responsibility with those who knowingly benefit from corporate misdeeds. Executives who ignore ethics run the risk of personal and corporate liability. One example would be Bank of the States (BofA), the bank that I currently bank with. BofA has begun operations of cartel ... Operations Management Essay -- essays research papersOperations ManagementOperations management focuses on managing the processes of producing and distributing products and services. Operations activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. It deals with all operations within the organization. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the n ature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc. In operation management a great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Efficiency is when processes are being completed at the lowest cost possible. Effectiveness is having the right processes that will create the most value for the company. In addition, operations processes depend solely on the decisions made by management. When management makes decisions, the concept of ethics comes in to play. Managers who fail to provide leadership and incorporate systems that facilitate ethical conduct share responsibility with those who knowingly benefit from corporate misdeeds. Executives who ignore ethics run the risk of personal and corporate liability. One example would be Bank of America (BofA), the bank that I currently bank with. BofA has begun operations of combining ...

Operations Management Essay -- essays research papers

Operations wayOperations solicitude focuses on managing the processes of producing and distributing products and services. Operations activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. It deals with each(prenominal) trading operations within the organization. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, role control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc. In operation management a great deal of focus is on efficiency and potentiality of processes. Efficiency is when processes are being completed at the concluding cost possible. Effectiveness is having the right processes that will create the most value for the company. In addition, operations processes depend solely on the decisions made by management. When management makes de cisions, the concept of ethics comes in to play. Managers who fail to provide leadership and in corporal systems that facilitate respectable conduct share responsibility with those who knowingly benefit from corporate misdeeds. Executives who ignore ethics run the risk of personal and corporate liability. One example would be Bank of America (BofA), the posit that I currently bank with. BofA has begun operations of combining ... Operations Management Essay -- essays research papersOperations ManagementOperations management focuses on managing the processes of producing and distributing products and services. Operations activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. It deals with all operations within the organization. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc. In operation management a great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Efficiency is when processes are being completed at the lowest cost possible. Effectiveness is having the right processes that will create the most value for the company. In addition, operations processes depend solely on the decisions made by management. When management makes decisions, the concept of ethics comes in to play. Managers who fail to provide leadership and incorporate systems that facilitate ethical conduct share responsibility with those who knowingly benefit from corporate misdeeds. Executives who ignore ethics run the risk of personal and corporate liability. One example would be Bank of America (BofA), the bank that I currently bank with. BofA has begun operations of combining ...

Corrupt Societies Essay

In todays society I find that a lot of people consent become materialistic. Its a new coach purse, the brand new cell phone from Verizon or a plasma screen TV that is the fire hydrant and everyone wants. Either way a person is to look at it, society is based on who has what. There is an emphasis on a persons status in their society and it is very important. I always hear my boss saying its all about the Benjamins and hes right. Not a day goes by that a person doesnt think about what they want to buy next. Does this make us perverting people?Have we all succumbed to an unconscious norm that is all materialistic? What is it to be materialistic? The Webster definition is that a person is concerned with material wealthiness and possessions at the expense of spiritual or intellectual value. I see it as a person that wants something so much that they would stop at nought to have it whether it is by means of purchasing, stealing or cheating someone else out of it. Its about judging a book by its veil and not looking at the big picture of life and the world around us.When my mom was younger, things that were sought after were high diplomas and bachelors degree. Now as I grow up its a masters degree and the BMW that I may drive that gives me a status in society. There ar so many times when things are taken for granted and some people find nothing wrong with this. How can a person go on in life only wondering about if they can have that brand new car or cell phone? Do the things we have define who we are as a person? I feel that every society is corrupt in its own way. Its the people, the government, our morals, values and our adaptive way of life.This is not just in fantasy books but in our real world as well. When I see how things have changed from when I was little I wonder how it all could have happened. I remember the first computer I ever got in my life and when I equation it to my laptop, its almost one eighth of what my whole computer used to be. But its not just the technology that has changed. Our perception of the world, the role we assume in it and how that role has changed. Attitudes have changed and there is a difference between how people relate to each other.

Greece Crisis: Analysis, Learnings and Takeaways Essay

Greek Crisis BackgroundThrough this write up, we atomic number 18 trying to explain the constituent which light-emitting diode to the sovereign debt crisis in Greece. European Union was established in the year 1992 through the Maastricht treaty. The purpose of formation was to create something powerful on the lines of the USA, The united States of Europe. Also, the idea was to establish and maintain peace in the turbulent regions. In the year 1999, Euro zone was formed and a common currency, Euro, came into being. Countries set aside the currencies they for each one were using previously and instead dealt themselves Euros. Greece undertook the same opeproportionn. It relinquished its drachmas and received an equivalent amount of Euros. Henceforth Greek firms and Greek citizens could buy goods and services anywhere in the Euro zone with their Euros.Greece has always been an over consumption economy. Its a leisure driven economy where the organization always tends to spend more th an its means. This trend went to a new take aim when the Greek judicature got access to cheap and easier financing. Due to the introduction of the common currency, they could borrow as easily as a strongly backed Germany. The government previously used to monetise its shortfall by printing currency. Since the choice of printing currency was no longer available due to the introduction of the fiscal union, the government now resorted to espousal lavishly to meet its deficit. The debt to GDP ratio also increase during the period.During 2004-2009, output in the Greek economy increased in titular terms by 40%, while central government primary expenditures increased by 87% against an increase of only 31% in tax revenues. Public sector wages rose by over 50% between 1999 and 2007. Greece lived under the helm of a welfare state, with excessive spending on wages and early retirement benefits.Greek Crisis Consequences of sub-primeTourism and shipping are the two biggest revenue generators for the Greek economy. Both the sectors were badly hit when the sub-prime crisis wrack global economy. There was a signifi backt drop in the government revenue due to the shrinking of earnings from these sectors. Also, tax evasion, which was always an area of caution for the field, took full shape during this period. This led to high fiscal deficit and even higher levels of debt. In October 2009, Fitch downgraded the sovereign debt of Greece to BBB+. This lead to widening of bond generate spreads and CDS spreads. In April 2010, Greek debt was further downgraded to junk status, which effectively closed the availability of capital market financing to the country.This all was a part of a heroic vicious cycle. Poor ratings and excessive debt led to higher yields. Tax revenues fall due to tax evasion and GDP shrinkage. This led to higher deficit which warranted borrowing more to pay the deficit, which led to even higher cost of debt. Greek Crisis Troika steps in The European Commi ssion, The European central Bank and IMF are called the troika, the three pillars on which the Greek and Euro zone hopes are resting. Amidst concerns that Greece will default on its payments and might exit the Euro zone, the troika steeped in to bail out the country. Phases of bailouts were given, ground on the following measuresAusterity measures to restore fiscal balancePrivatisation of government assets worth 50bn by the end of 2015 Structural reforms to improve growth prospectsAlso, debt restructuring was carried out in Greece as part of the second bailout plan. Under this, private creditors h gray-haireding Greek govt. bonds were to accept lower interest rates and a 53.5% face value loss. This led to a fall in the forecasted Debt t o GDP ratio of 198% in 2012 to around 160% in the same period. The aim is to issue the ratio to 120% by 2020. From 2012-14, troika is to cover all Greek financial needs through restructuring and bailout packages. From 2015-20, financial needs are to be met partly by capital markets and partly by privatization of govt. Assets. In May 2012, a 2 year extension was demanded till 2017 to return to self financed situation. 2 key bills were passed in the Greek Parliament pertaining to this in the last week Labour market reform and Midterm fiscal plan 2013-16.Should Greece leave the Euro range?Is a fiscally-challenged country likely to want to leave the Euro line of business? The brief answer is no quite the contrary a fiscally weak country is better finish off in the Euro Area than outside it. The only argument for leaving the Euro Area is that the introduction of a new national currency (New Drachma, say) would lead to an immediate laconic nominal and real depreciation of the new currency and a gain in competitiveness, which would be most welcome. It also would not last. The key rigidities in delicate open economies like Greece are real rigidities, not persistent Keynesian nominal rigidities, which are necessary for a depre ciation or devaluation of the nominal step in rate to gravel a material and durable impact on real competitiveness. Unless the balance of economic and political power is changed fundamentally, a depreciation of the nominal exchange rate would soon lead to adjustments of domestic costs and prices that would restore the old uncompetitive real equilibrium. All some another(prenominal) arguments either favour staying in for a fiscally weak country or are neutral. As regards the existing stock of sovereign debt, in or out makes no difference.Re-denominating the old euro-denominated debt in New Drachma would be an act of default. A country might as well stay in the Euro Area and default on the euro-denominated debt. As regards new government borrowing, issuing New Drachma denominated debt would be more costly (because an exchange fortune premium would be added to the sovereign risk premium) than new borrowing using euro-denominated debt as part of the Euro Area. There would be massiv e balance sheet disruption for banks, other financial institutions and other collective with large balance sheets, as the existing stock of assets and liabilities would remain euro denominated but there would no longer be a euro lender of last resort. It may be possible for contract and securities internal to Greece, that is entered into or issued under Greek jurisdiction alone, to be redenominated in New Drachma, but cross-border contracts and securities issued in other jurisdictions could not be redenominated that way without this constituting an act of default.There would be no fiscal-financial support from other Euro Area member states should a country leave the Euro Area. Leaving the Euro Area means leaving the EU. There is no such thing as a former Euro Area member that continues as an EU member. A received EA member wishing to leave the EA but continue as an EU member would have to leave both the Euro Area and the EU and then re-apply for EU membership. Under the Lisbon Tr eaty, there now is a procedure for leaving the EU. A country cannot be expelled from the Euro Area, or from the EU.The only real threat of the Euro Area breaking up comes from the possibility that one or more of the fiscally strongest and more competitive members (Germany) could decide to leave the Euro Area (and the EU), because of a fear of decent the bailer-out of first resort for all would-be fiscally-insolvent Euro Area member states. The changing of the generations in Germany from Kohl to Schrder and then to Merkel has weakened the traditional umbilical link of Germany, and e limitedly Germanys political class, to the EU and the Euro Area, but not (yet) to the point that one can reasonably envisage Germany leaving the Euro Area and the EU. Alternatives* Wage increase, higher inflation in GermanyWage increase in Germany would fuel inflation in Germany that will lead to increase in cost of goods sold in the economy. This would accelerate effort expansion to other territories e specially like Greece, Spain. Since Greeces main economy driver has been the tourism industry and that is also seasonal.* Common EurobondsInstead of having separate government bonds, common Euro bonds should be issued. This would never lead to the chain reaction that was led by the Greek government bonds.* Greece or other weaker nations leaving Euro zoneGreece and other weaker nations should leave Euro Zone and back to their respective currencies. This would assistant adjust their fiscal policy with their fiscal policy.* Fiscal Integration i of the major development areas is increased European integration giving a central body increased control over the budgets of member statesKey Learnings* LESSON 1 Financial markets are accustomed to exaggerations, which amplify further the pro-cyclicality inherent in asset valuations In times of recession, when the degree of risk aversion increases and GDP growth contracts, asset prices tend to decomposition and risk spreads rise. Also during this period, the standard pattern of pro-cyclicality may be amplified by market exaggerations investors tend to over-price certain types of risk and thus under-price the respective financial assets. hyperbolise pro-cyclicality of this type has hit the sovereign bond market during the crisis. Furthermore, in particular through the use of sovereign bonds as collateral, it has exerted adverse effects on other segments of financial markets, such as the funding markets for financial institutions. There are many ways to mitigate this pro-cyclicality of government bond markets. One way is to reduce the reliance of the financial, regulatory and supervisory framework on credit ratings* LESSON 2 Fiscal Policy Union along with Monetary Policy Union is all-important(prenominal) in order to keep countries with common currency on the same page Since Euro was a common currency, Euro Currency Board took charge of the common monetary policy for the nations, but the fiscal policies differed in eac h country, leading to a widening gap between each countrys financial statuses. One way to curb this problem is to facilitate fiscal integration of the organizations. This would ensure that no country is not overspending and will have limited budget to workout.* LESSON 3 Welfare of the masses is not in Transfer Payments but in Investment and employment creation in the country Austerity measures would only help in curtailing the massive expenditures done on Social welfare schemes such unemployment allowances. Nations should focus on increasing the investment in the nation and looking for opportunities, where it can generate employment for its masses. This would lead to long-term economic stability in the nation.Takeaways for India* While the Indian economy needs fund flows from different sources, it should exercise special caution while depending on the overseas debt India must not allow its public debt to increase any further, especially from the external sources which may play havo c with the countrys debt situation amidst increasing volatility rupees foreign exchange rate* India must focus on curtailing its fiscal deficit and should be very cautious in opening up its market and allowing foreigners to invest in government securities Per capita public debt is higher than the growth in per capita income, implying that the world borrowings are increasing at a much faster pace than their earnings. Hence population is being burdened with higher amounts of public debt. Per capita income and per capita debt both have increased over the years. While per-capita income increased from Rs. 26,015 in 2005-06 to Rs. 38,005 in 2011-12 the per capita debt increased from Rs. 13,276.87 in 2005-06 to Rs. 27,044.22 in 2011-12* Interest Payments are absorbing about one-third of Central Governments revenue, leading to increase in non-plan expenditure. Interest payments is the fact that not only are interest payment a large ratifier to the non-plan expenditure but a large part of t he total revenue receipts of the Central Government are also being used to finance them and raising funds from overseas as debt at present times poses several risks, the main problem being extra burden on repurchase because of lowering of the rupee value.

Saving Sourdi Summary Essay

Analysis character Nea of Saving Sourdi by May-leeward ChaiSaving Sourdi by May-Lee Chai, theme discusses a classic plot of the metamorphosis from childhood to adulthood. In her story, the two main characters Sourdi and Nea develop in stark contrast to one another. Nea, the younger sister, has difficulty growth up and maturing as her own life, as well as her sisters life, progresses. Her naivety, aggression, and anxiety influence her decisions through bulge the story in a forbid way. Chais character is easily believable and relatable, everyone has had a point in their lives where they didnt want to grow up, handled a blank space poorly, or realized that their kinship with someone has changed drastically to the point of no repair. Nea, the protagonist in Saving Sourdi, is a tragic hero. We experience her attempts at protecting her sister and watch as they fail time and time again. Nea is a flat and static character. Throughout the story she does not change, she remains childish in her actions and decisions. Their mother addresses this issue primal on by saying, You not thinking. That your problem. You always not think (Chai 70) Chai does not show us another side to Nea making her a flat character.We go to her in the same light despite the life lessons she experiences in this short story. Nea is the same drastic, hardheaded child in the beginning as she is in the end. emergence and maturing is crucial in life. Some people, however, suffer from a sort of Peter Pan Syndrome. Nea can be described as an impulsive, strong- ordained, and selfish adolescent who will never truly grow up. The family has never had it light-colored, always having to work and tolerate prejudice payable to their foreign culture. Nea was forced to become a fighter betimes on no matter the situation. If she was a mature character, she could distinguish between when it was most sensible to simply avoid confrontation and back down. Nea is extremely preventative of Sourdi. Her desire to fend for her China Doll sister (69) is the stem of all her decisions throughout the story. Sourdi is the prettier and more desirable sister. Chai highlights the incongruity of the sisters looks by solely depicting Sourdis beauty. By depicting Sourdias a China Doll so early in the story when the two men are harassing her in the familys restaurant, Chai sets us up to believe that she needs defending and isnt strong enough to do it herself. Nea thoroughly believes that is her role in life.As the plot progresses, however, it is easy to see that Sourdi is in fact quite strong and unbreakable. As Nea interacts with the other characters, she is always brash and rarely takes the time to understand their side of a situation. In many cases, she lies to manipulate people and her situation to achieve her selfish goals. Nea fakes her remorse about attacking the customer just to please her sister I was well-chosen Id stabbed that man. I was only crying because life was so unfair. (72) When Nea needs to find a way to Sourdis home she lies to Duke about the ruggedness of the situation because she knows deep down that it is not as bad as she wants to believe. If Sourdi was in trouble, it would ultimately mean that Nea could get her sister back. Nea fabricates this story to make up for the loss she felt when Sourdi moved on and abandoned her. She would rather believe that it was someone else who caused her sister to mature and move on than to believe it was her own disgrace or that it was Sourdis choice. I would stay awake all night pinching the inside of Sourdis arm, the soft flesh of her thigh, to keep my sister from falling hypnoid and leaving me alone. (72) Although her overall purpose at a glance is for Sourdis safety, her true ambition is wanting to keep her sister all to herself.During the story, May Lee Chai Saving Sourdi paints a picture of two extremely close sisters who assume been put to the test. The pair has been relocated, put to work, and expected to matur e quickly in their approximative new world. Nea is the narrator of the story, and she shares We used to say that wed run away, Sourdi and me. (72) The sisters would whisper their secrets back and forth at night, and lock themselves in the bathroom together and traverse away together. As children the girls were inseparable simply soon the age difference comes between them. Sourdi finds comforts in her first romance with a dishwasher, Duke, and slowly but surely Nea is left by the wayside. This distance is increased when Mr. Chhay is introduced and Nea quickly realizes that her sister is being severed from her life It was the beginning of the end. I should restrain fought harder then. I should have stabbed this man, too. (75) In America, everyone is supposed to be equal. People are supposed to be able to have the American Dream and have a successful occupational group as well as supporta family without any trouble despite race, age, gender, or any other factors.In Ma and Sourdis e yes, however, they have seen their traditional culture and are still tied to those beliefs instead. Nea is much more Americanized than the other two women. Ma works very hard to support her children and in an effort to give Sourdi a better life, she makes sure she marries someone who can support her financially instead of someone like Duke who may not be as financially successful. Although she is unhappy, Sourdi understands her role and obeys her elders. Nea, who has been exposed to mostly American culture with little memories of their true roots does not understand this arrangement. As a result, she acts out and rebels against her entire family. The climax of the story occurs when Nea makes a daring attempt at saving her sisters life. Neas irresponsible actions lead to an awkward situation for everyone. Nea refuses to believe that Sourdi is simply a busy woman with a child and a home to care for and immediately jumps to the conclusion that her husband is hurting her in some way. He r over active imagination gets her into trouble. She leaves home without telling her mother, lies to Duke about her true ambitions, blames Mr. Chhay for something he did not do, and creates a huge conflict over a slightly distraught phone call from Sourdi.The moment when Duke punches Mr. Chhay is the cultivation of Neas ill thought out plan crumbling before her eyes. Her immaturity caused an easily evitable confrontation. Near the very end of the story, Chai shares Neas insight on her situation. Sourdi looked at me then, so disappointed. I knew what she was thinking. She has grown up, and I had merely grown unworthy of her love. (83) Nea in the long run realized she was being foolish the whole time. Chais protagonist in Saving Sourdi, Nea, is nave, impulsive, and brash. She is unchanging and narrow-minded. Neas journey seems solely based on saving her sister when in actuality she is trying to find excuses to avoid growing up. The tragic hero fabricates false dangers to compensate her desire to be needed by her sister who has moved on with her life. Nea feels abandoned becausen Sourdi matures while she remains a child. Ma and Sourdi remain connected with traditional customs that Nea simply cannot understand due to her exposure to American culture. Her over active imagination, anxiety, and aggression get her into trouble. When Nea tries to rescue Sourdi from her husband, it is the last straw and she knows that she has lost her dear older sister for good. She had made her choice,and she hadnt chosen me. (84) Sourdi has matured and moved on while Nea is stuck in the memories of her childhood.Works CitedChai, May-Lee. Dragon Chica a Novel. Boston, Gemma, 2011.Fichter, M. M. et al. Anorexia Nervosa in Greek and Turkish Adolescents. European Archives of psychopathology and Neurological Sciences, vol. 237, no. 4, 1988, pp. 200208.

Novel Nicholas Nickleby Essay

Mr Squeers is one of Charles Dickens very vivid characters and one that plays an important role in the novel Nicholas Nickleby. He is owner and headmaster of Dotheboys Hall which is set in Greta Bridge in Yorkshire. Dotheboys Hall is a boarding school for disabled and illegitimate children. It is an all-boys school and Mr Squeers runs the school with entire cruelty together with his wife, who is equally cruel. The children are sent there because they are disabled in some way and their families did not want them. Mr Squeers has very craft ways and his only aims are to benefit himself.His main aim is to make money and he does this very well by being sneaky and taking short-cuts in the keeping of his school. He tries to put as little money as possible to Dotheboys Hall whilst getting as much money forbidden as possible. Another of his objectives is to have the instant obedience that he desires. He wants a school where he has ultimate power over the boys so that when he asks somethi ng of them they do it immediately with no question. He tries to obtain this instant obedience in school by regularly beating the boys with a cane.Mr Squeers sees his school more as a business than a school-learning environment. This is our shop, Nickleby. This quote shows that he is treating the school as a business because his primary objective is to make money. He does not really care about the boys education, just as long as he turns over a nice profit. As Mr Squeers is owner of Dotheboys Hall he decides how to teach the boys or not, as the case may be. Mr and Mrs Squeers deeply dislike all of the boys in their school, except their own children.In fact they perceive the boys as their natural enemies. Clearly, if they see the boys like this then they are not fit to run a school only when as it is their own school, they can do as they like. Mr and Mrs Squeers both hate the boys. The only difference between them is that Mrs Squeers wages war against the boys openly whilst Mr Sque ers tries to cover his puckishness. I think Mr Squeers tries to cover his rascality because he knows that he is not treating the boys very well and should not be doing this. However, dont be fooledMr Squeers hates the boys as much as his wife but Mrs Squeers doesnt really look for an excuse to beat them she just enjoys doing it. All of the boys at Dotheboys Hall are terrified of Mr and Mrs Squeers and live in fear of the dread cane which they both use to mercilessly beat them. At the Hall, the boys dont get much freedom and think what they are told to think. They dare not argue or answer back to Mr Squeers as they are kept too weak and undernourished. It is clear that the boys are scared of him because of the amount of times and the lashing manner in which Mr Squeers uses the cane.

Descartes and Skepticism Essay

Rene Descartes was a great scientist, mathematician and philosopher. He was known for his extensive work on skepticism, and in particular a piece called Meditations on First school of thought (written in 1641) which is still widely used by modern philosophers. In this publication, Descartes aim was to demonstrate that a persons soul is eternal and that God exists. He explains in Meditation One that it is possible to question the existence of all things in Meditation 2 he goes on to give details regarding the existence of the thought and the soul.In the Third Meditation he gives telephone lines of proof of Gods existence and in Meditation Four he explains the difference between truth and error. In the twenty percent Meditation Descartes provides further instructions to prove the existence of God and in the Sixth and final meditation he brings it all together as he demonstrates how noesis of the mind can be guided by God and in that locationfore validates the knowledge we have of physical world. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2010).This essay will explain Descartes argument of the existence of God with specific reference to the Third Meditation discussed in the class handout- Descartes and the problem of Skepticism. Meditation - Gods Existence In the Third Meditation, subtitled On Gods existence, Descartes is certain that he is a thinking thing (pg 142) and sets out to prove Gods Existence. There were two major standpoints noted in his argument, though they were found to be closely linked. Firstly, he tackles the thought process that his own existence and thoughts moldiness have come from someplace or something.He goes on to explain that the thought he has of God is one of an eternal, infinite, omniscient, omnipotent, creator of all things (pg 143). As a result, Descartes argues that the idea of God must therefore be far more complex than his mind alone can perceive- since his idea of God is that of an infinite, perfect macrocosm and Descartes h imself is a finite being lacking enough formal reality to create such an idea on his own will. Put simply, Descartes believes that the idea of God could not have been created in his own limited mind and he establishes that God must be the originator of his thoughts and therefore God exists.Secondly, Descartes battles with the idea that his existence must have a cause. He discusses the various possibilities that might have caused his existence including that he might have created himself he might have always existed his parents created him that he was created by something little benevolent and perfect than God and lastly, that it was God who created him. Descartes takes on an elimination process to figure out which one of these possibilities are likely true. He discusses that he could not have created himself because as he says I would have given myself every nonsuch (pg 146).Next he dismisses the idea that he always existed simply because as he describes that he is a dependent bei ng that needs to be continually sustained by another. Descartes establishes that the idea of his parents being his creator only reintroduces the same(p) problem regarding their own existence. He then thought of the possibility of a less than perfect God being his creator- but he argues that the idea of perfection that exists in his mind could not have originated from a non-perfect being.With this established, Descartes concludes that there must be a perfect God who is the cause of his existence and his perfect idea of God. In analysis of Descartes position, the observation is made that the basis of his argument is causal reasoning. This is shown when he suggests that there must be a cause of the idea of a perfect God and that this perfect idea must come from God himself. In my own reflection, I thought that living a predominantly Christian society might be the cause of my own idea of God. I have learnt all that I know about God from my parents and by extension service the society.I t therefore follows, that my parents idea of God might have come from their parents also, whose idea somewhere along the line came from the church- which is also made up of men who has parents. Descartes argument supports that at the end of this causal chain, there has to be a first cause, which is God. Since there is no direct of evidence proving or disproving the existence of God, the belief in his existence is widely accepted today, and the search for such a proof would always be a highly debatable and controversial topic.While there is still disagreement over Descartes argument as to whether or not God exists, it is generally agreed that Gods existence cannot be prove through the capacity of the mind and therefore we rely on such concepts as skepticism and reasoning to guide what we choose to believe of God. References * Smith, K. (2010, September 20). Descartes liveliness and works. Retrieved October 11, 2011from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/descartes-works * Class Hand out- Descartes and The Problem of Skepticism.

Impacts of Tourism in Host Communities

IMPACTS OF TOURISM IN HOST COMMUNITIES Tourism is one of the most(prenominal) of the essence(p) worldwide activities it is also of great importance to the socio-economic and heathen development of a country. Tourism is a vital tool for conservation of natural systems, contributes to sustainable development of local communities and creating communities about sharing experiences. But if this drill is disorganized, uncontrolled and low-downly planned can cause damage to both, environmental and cultural.People started feeling the necessity to travel when they realise the world was full of sore and distinct things to do, and at the same time those things offer them new lifestyle. However they were not only with the intention to visit and learned, they wanted to establish and teach their own traditions to these new places and societies. Nevertheless, not all people change the community, the majority of time community changes the idea of what would be an appropriate lifestyle of thos e new members. For this reason we can affirm that tourism has been creating positive and negative repairs on boniface communities.On the other hand, when people decide to travel the cultural factor plays an important role at the charget decision is about to make. Tourists usually choose a destination completely different to their current environment. That is why this essay will discuss the good and liberal consequences tourism cause on host communities. In addition, it will argue about the importance of the cultural factor within the tourism. Negative tincts on host communities It is hard to think that tourism an activity that can make feel happy can carry negative impacts.According to Bruce (2001), one of the biggest problems of tourism is that touring cars and visitors invade places that fail just to the community, such sacred temples or lands, destroying or making bad use of their properties. This is due to travel agents vending trips to the authenticity of host communit ies, assaulting their private places, ceremonies and rituals. And, because of that tourer may misunderstand the main reason of why those rituals or ceremonies ar for, along with bad comments about the destination causing decreasing of the tourism.Tourism also brings a number of consequences such prostitution, gambling, begging and crime. The existence of these activities except of crime is due the tourist. People create these new services to satisfy the customers in this case the tourists. whoredom in third world countries is very common. According to Duncan, E, and Navarro, H (2001) in Colombia, Cartagena children prostitution is common due to the economic conditions of the population. The majority of the children dont get hold of enough money to satisfy their basic necessities such food, and clean water.For that reason they sell their bodies for less than 50 dollars to tourists. One the other hand, another negative impact of tourism in undeveloped countries is the use of money earn by tourism activities. Indigenous from third world countries do not receive whatsoever profit made by them, contrary they live in poor conditions. This kind of host communities, despite what is sold to tourists is their lifestyle they suffer from health problems, poor access to education, expropriation of their land, extreme poverty, violation of their right and discrimination. On the other hand crimes increase in countries which the lifestyle is too high, due to the large number of tourist in the area. Furthermore, French, C, and Craig-Smith, S (2000), even though tourisms bring employment, it also brings rivalry between citizens in the community. The type of work that tourism creates is casual or underemployed jobs, that means that natives wont have the opportunity to work all the year. Besides foreign people travel to those communities in peak season and seize on the job of the citizens.Positive impacts on host communities On the other hand tourism can bring positive imp acts to host communities. Gursay and Rutherford (2011) suggest that Its basic tent is that locals are likely to participate in an exchange if they believe that they are likely to gain benefits without incurring unacceptable cost if locals perceive that the benefits are greater that the cost, they are inclined to be involve in the exchange and, thus endorse future development in their community. (Gursay & Rutherford 2011, p. 95) To travel tourists must have a purpose, most of the time people go overseas to know new cultures, different sceneries. For that reason is important that the destination place have good infrastructure, flora and beast sanctuaries and great amenities for the tourists. Besides, the local people can make use for personal purpose. In addition, tourism helps the preservation of traditional customs such dances, food, rites, and festivals. It is important to protect old customs to attract tourist to go.Christopher (1998) state The impacts can be positive, such as t he case where tourism preserves or even resurrects the craft skills of the population (Christopher 1998, p. 169). Conclusion In conclusion tourism can bring positive and negative impacts the negative impacts can be more than the positive. However, it is an exertion that wont finish despite all the consequences its make. Tourism helps the economy and develops of a country. Reference 1. Bruce, D 2001, Environmental, Ecotourism.Socio-cultural impact, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Milton, pp. 120-124. 2. Christopher, P 1998, Tourism principle and practice. The socio-cultural impact of tourism, 2nd edn, vol. 8, Longman, England, pp. 168-184. 3. French, C, Craig-Smith, S, and Collier, A 2000, Principles of tourism. The impact of tourism, 2nd edn, Person Education, Australia, pp. 305-330. 4. Gursay, D & Rutherford, D 2011, Developing a community support model for tourism, annals of tourism research, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 64-988, SciVerse ScienceDirect Journals, EBSCohost, Viewed 27 April 201 2. 5. Navarro, H, Duncan, E 2001, Prostitucion de menores en Cartagena Estimacion de costos sociales y economicos, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano seccional del Caribe Departamento de investigaciones, pp. 8-11, google schoolar, viewed 14 March 2012. 6. Wearing, S & Neil, J 2009, Ecotourism Impacts, Potentials and Possibilities. Ecotourism and Protected areas Visitor Management for Sustaninability,2nd edn, Burlington Elsevier

What Is Cybercrime?

Cybercrime, or PC arranged wrongdoing, is wrongdoing that includes a PC and a network. The PC may have been utilized in the commission of a wrongdoing, or it might be the target. Cybercrimes can be characterized as Offenses that ar perpetrated against plurality or gatherings of people with a criminal thought process to purposefully hurt the notoriety of the person in question or cause physical or moral damage, or misfortune, to the casualty straightforwardly or in a roundabout way, utilizing latest media transmission systems, for example, Web (systems including however not restricted to Visit rooms, messages, impose sheets and gatherings) and cell ph anes (Bluetooth/SMS/MMS).Cybercrime may undermine a man or a countrys security and monetary health. Issues encompassing these kinds of violations have turned out to be prominent, oddly those encompassing hacking, copyright encroachment, unjustifiable mass-reconnaissance, sextortion, youngster erotic entertainment, and kid groomin g. There are additionally issues of protection when private data is blocked or unveiled, licitly or something else.Debarati Halder and K. Jaishankar additionally characterize cybercrime from the point of view of sex and characterized cybercrime against ladies as Wrongdoings focused against ladies with a rationale to deliberately hurt the casualty mentally and physically, utilizing current media transmission systems, for example, web and versatile phones. Universally, both administrative and non-state performers participate in cybercrimes, including secret activities, budgetary burglary, and different cross-outskirt violations. Cybercrimes crossing global outskirts and including the activities of no less than one country state is now and then alluded to as cyber warfare.TYPES OF CYBERCRIMEIDENTITY THEFT OR INVANSION OF PRIVACYCybercrime influences both a virtual and a genuine body, however the impacts upon each are unique. This wonder is clearest on account of fraud. In the Assembled States, for instance, people dont have an official personality card yet a Standardized savings number that has since kind of a while ago filled in as a true recognizable conclusion number.INTERNET FRAUDPlans to cheat customers flourish on the Web. Among the most rise known is the Nigerian, or 419, trick the number is a reference to the area of Nigerian law that the trick damages. In elicit of the fact that this con has been utilized with both fax and conventional mail, it has been given new life by the Web.In the plan, an individual gets an email affirming that the sender requires help in exchanging an extensive entireness of cash out of Nigeria or another far off nation. More often than not, this cash is as a benefit that will be sold, for example, oil, or a lot of money that expects laundering to cover its source the varieties are interminable, and new specifics are continually being produced.The message requests that the benefactive role take burster of some expense of mo ving the assets out of the nation as an end-result of accepting a considerably bigger whole of cash sooner rather than later. Should the beneficiary react with a check or cash arrange, he is informed that confusions have grown more cash is required. After some time, casualties can dope off a large number of dollars that are completely unrecoverable.ATM FRAUDPCs additionally make more unremarkable sorts of misrepresentation conceivable. Take the robotized teller machine (ATM) through which numerous individuals currently get money. With a specific end goal to get to a record, a client supplies a card and individual recognizable proof number (Stick). Crooks have created intends to capture both the information on the cards attractive strip and in addition the clients Stick. Thus, the data is utilized to make counterfeit cards that are then used to pull back assets from the clueless persons record.WIRE FRAUDThe INTERNATIONAL idea of cybercrime is especially apparent with wire extortion . One of the biggest and best-sorted out wire extortion plans was coordinate by Vladimir Levin, a Russian developer with a PC programming firm in St. Petersburg.FILE SHARING PIRACYThrough the 1990s, offers of minimized circles (Albums) were the real wellspring of income for chronicle organizations. In spite of the fact that theftthat is, the unlawful duplication of copyrighted visibleshad dependably been an issue, particularly in the Far East, the multiplication on school grounds of reasonable PCs equipped for catching medicinal drug off Cds and sharing them over fast (broadband) Web associations turned into the account business most noteworthy bad dream.In the matching States, the account business, spoken to by the Chronicle Business Relationship of America (RIAA), assaulted a solitary document sharing administration, Napster, which from 1999 to 2001 permitted clients over the Web entree to music records, put away in the information pressure organize known as MP3, on other cl ients PCs by method for Napsters focal PC.As per the RIAA, Napster clients much abused the copyright of account specialists, and the administration needed to stop. For clients, the issues were not all that obvious. At the centre of the Napster case was the issue of reasonable utilize. People who had bought a iron disc were obviously permitted to tune in to the music, regardless of whether in their home stereo, vehicle sound framework, or PC. What they didnt have the privilege to do, contended the RIAA, was to make the Cd genial to a huge number of other people who could make an ideal computerized duplicate of the music and make their own Compact discs.COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERYRecord sharing of licensed mutation is just a single part of the issue with duplicates. Another more unremarkable angle lies in the capacity of computerized gadgets to render about ideal duplicates of material ancient rarities. Take the conventional wrongdoing of forging. As of not long ago, making accepta ble cash required a lot of ability and access to advancements that people more often than not dont claim, for example, printing squeezes, etching plates, and uncommon inks. The coming of cheap, top notch shading copiers and printers has conveyed forging to the majority. Ink-stream printers currently represent a developing level of the fake money seized by the U.S. Mystery Administration.

Police Diversity Essay

Racial discrimination is an issue that so many professionals know nearly. Dealing with it may be the problem, but attempts to deal with it vex been shown since the early times when it was noticed. According to Zeisel, there is evidence that the federal courts of appeal have been urged to take action on the brass section of death sentences. Zeises notes that the death sentences in the federal courts, which he writes as a Florida experience, were administered discriminating against the unappeasable battalion (1981).In his writing, Zeisel states that two petitioners had provided evidence showing that the nasty offenders were being discriminated. The petitioners argon, Maxwell V. Bishop who provided evidence to show that the disgraceful offenders were being discriminated against, and a petitioner in Spinkerllink v. Wainwright, who provided data showing that murderers of the white flock were being discriminated against. This tale by the petitioner from Spinkerllink indicated th at there were high chances of murderers of the white to end up in death rows than murderers of the opprobrious people Zeisel, 1981).This though never received any action as the courts ar observe to have refused to obtain evidence of racial discrimination. Zeisel notes that the data available in the criminal justice system of Florida, raisevass that there have been such kinds of discrimination (1981). This is a slipperiness that was identified in the 1980s, but does it embody today? Has the system changed? Racial discrimination has been a major problem in most(prenominal) federal courts with most minorities, especially the opprobrious people, facing cruel judgments than the white people.Some reports indicate that much sinisters atomic number 18 found behind bars than whites considering their subroutine in the thoroughgoing American commonwealth. The people are some in number, yet if the number of people in prison is compared to the white people in prison, they are almo st half the whites total. This is the aim of this paper. Analysis of data about arrests made in Florida will be done to determine if the minorities are arrested to a greater extent and if still, there is racial discrimination.Data to be analyzed was obtained from the Florida discussion section of Law enforcement, which was recorded in the grade 2004 by UCR. Analysis Do minority commit more than crimes? According to the statistics on arrests by age and race in Florida, there are several offenses for which the white, Indians and the black people were arrested. Whites constituted a bigger group of people arrested with a total of 672,987, this is followed by the black people who were a total of 351,871. The total Indians arrested were 1,496 (Department of Law Enforcement, 2005).There are some offenses that no Indian was arrested at all, for example bribery and embezzlement. Comparing this to the some other groups, a total of 38 whites were arrested for bribery and 20 black people f or the same offense. In the case of embezzlement, 363 blacks were arrested while 749 whites were arrested(Department of Law Enforcement, 2005. The offense categorized as miscellaneous had the highest number of offenders with 299, 442 white offenders, 159,378 black offenders and 1,034 Indian offenders. Drug arrest and simple assault in any case had high numbers of offenders.White people arrested for simple assault were 60, 018, while the black offenders in this case were 29,650, and the Indian offenders arrested for this case were 89. Drug arrests had these numbers whites 84,829, black people 65,167 and Indians 112 (Department of Law Enforcement, 2005. These are examples from the data obtained about arrests made in the stratum 2004 under various offenses. Generally, the minority, which in this case is the black people, committed more crime. This is because the number of black people in Florida compared to the total state is small.Research reports show that in the year 2000, the pe rcentage of non white people was 17. 8. The total creation of Florida then was 15,982,824 (Schenker, 2008). From this data, it meaning that the non white people were tho 2,844,943. This includes even the Indians. The population in the year 2007 is noted to be 18,680,367 indicating a growth of 16. 9%. This sum that on average, each year, there was an approximate growth increase of 449,591 making an approximate of 177, 811,88 total population of Florida as at 2004.The rate of increase of the the non white population per year is approximated as 0. 31% (8,819) establish on the fact that the total percentage increase of the total population by 2010 is 19. 8% (Schenker, 2008). This means that the total non white population based on the yearly increase was approximately 2,880,219 in 2004. If this population is compared with the approximated total population in 2004, then the number of non white people is small compared to white. This is proof that more blacks commit more crimes accordi ng to the data from the Florida Department of Law Enforcement.An example is in drug arrests. The number of white people arrested in this case is 84, 829. The total number of white people if approximated in the year 2004 was 14,900,969. From this the percentage of the white people arrested is 0. 569%. If this is compared to the number of black people arrested which is 65,167 on drug arrests, the percentage arrested to the nonwhite population is 2. 263%. This calculation is done using the total of non white people which includes Indians. If the number of Indians were excluded, then it means the total percentage would be higher.From this calculation, the number of black people arrested is higher by 1. 694%. How can this be judged? That these people commit more crimes? According to several sources, there have been so many cases of discrimination against black people living in America. This could just be a proof to it. It is though just an conjecture since the number of people arrested cannot prove that the people are being discriminated against, though is a strong indication. Domnitiz and Knowles noted after research that black people were found to be immoralityy in police practices more than the white people.The economists note that unbiased police practices as the police plans to do, can not prove that the guilt rates of motorists will be equalized among all races This implies that however much the police try to show that they do not practice any racism in their policing, there is still knowledge by the common that there is racial discrimination in police practices. Domnitiz and Knowles indicated that motor vehicle search statistics show that the black motorists are singled out more that the white people (2006). The above case could therefore be considered as racial discrimination.ConclusionFrom the above analysis, it is quite evident that there is racism. Just from the many sources that information is obtained, most of the cases are just indicating discrimin ation against the black people. In some sources though, black policemen were also found to be discriminative (Jaynes and Williams, 2007). This though is not indicated in the discussion but is an indication that even the black can discriminate against the other races. It may be therefore that, discrimination is due to the fact that the black are a minority. It is not easy to conclude this way though as there are other races in Florida too. What then can be the reason?

King Philip’s War Essay

King Philips fight lasted from 1675 to 1676. It was the bloodiest conflict mingled with American colonists and Indians in the 17th century unfermented England. By 1600, colonial settlers no longer depended on the Indians for survival therefore they pushed into Indian Territory in Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island. To protect their lands, the Wampanoag chief, King Philip, also know as Metacom organized a federation of tribes, which in 1675 destroyed several frontier settlements.King Philips War was the beginning of the development of a greater American identity the conflicts suffered by the colonists gave them a unequivocal identity than that of the subjects of the English crown. The first Thanksgiving feast took place in 1621. This celebration marked the confederacy of the Native Americans and the colonists. That year, Massasoit signed a treaty with the Pilgrim governor promising to give aid against enemies they maintained 40 years of peace. However after Massasoit die d in 1661, this peace began to deteriorate.The population of the colonial settlers grew rapidly and soon they outnumbered the Indians. Therefore, Europeans and the Indians oftentimes fought overland. When Metacom became sachem he was amid Plymouth Colonys demands for land. He was humiliated several times, and forced to admit ill-doing and surrender. He then soon became angry at the colonists because they forced him not to sell Wampanoag without seeking their council first. genus Benzoin perform is considered the father ofAmerican ranging.He was the captain of the firstRanger force in America. Church was commissioned by the Governor of thePlymouth ColonyJosiah Winslowto form the first ranger company forKing Philips War. He played a unique and crucial role in King Philips War because he developed friendship with Native Americans and worked to understand and learn from those who lived near his frontier home. Church intentional his force primarily to emulate Indian patterns of war. Toward this end, he endeavored to learn to fight like Indians from Indians.Philip and his followers went to New York hoping to find recruit and supplies. However Edward Andros, the governor of New York feared that the war might spread to his colony, therefore, he make allies with the Mohawks who were enemies of Wampanoag. The Mohawks attacked Philips forces, and he returned to the New England colonies. On Aug. 12, 1676, a Wampanoag informer named Alderman killed King Philip. Philip was be chargeed and quartered, and his head was displayed on a pole in Plymouth for more than 20 years.

Modern Day Fairytale Essay

Once upon a time there were ternary brothers that lived with their parents in a big house for their first 22 years of their lives. Their names were peckerwood, a rocker, Jax, a pretty boy who only wanted to party, wear expensive clothes and drive fast cars and Brian, the big, credideucerthy brother. Only Brian went to college to study and get his degree. Brian was the only one to get a good job. Peter vertical preferred to sing in his heavy metals band and Jax preferred to go turn out to parties, taint designer clothes he couldnt afford and sleep around.When was the Peters Birthday, their parents went to buy a guitar-shaped cake as a surprise. Unfortunately, they were hit by a drunk driver and they died in the car accident. So, the 3 little boys refractory to sell the house, and with the money they went to a lot of parties and clubs. Two months posterior they came to the realization that they re wholey needed a house. So, with the money that they still had left over(p) over, they went to buy materials to skeletal frame their own.They determined to build their three new homes in the local anesthetic liquidation. The village was peaceful with nice neighbors, very quiet with large parks and fountains. The village was perfect, but with one exceptionin the forest next to the village lived a local politician who was incredibly greedy and very harsh with the restrictions and taxes.Peter decided to build a cabin, because he was very lazy. The cabin only took him a week to finish it. When Peter absolute his cabin, he started to play his electric guitar, to scream and to shake the head jumping.Meanwhile Jax decided to build a designer ski cabin (even though it never snowed in their village). Since he too was very lazy, he hired a group of builders to build his house for him. Two weeks later, the group of builders finished the house, and Jax started to celebrate by throwing parties every night in his house.Brian on the other hand wasnt lazy at all He started to build his house on the weekends and in his spare time when he wasnt working. He finished in 3 years. Meanwhile, his brothers visited him in a lot of occasions, telling him Yo Brian Stop working so hard. Come out and party with us hardly, Brian always said, No, stupid, a house takes time and effort. Since I am taking my time, my house will be the bestA few weeks later when Brian finished his house, Peter and Jax had already spent all their money on parties, food and clothes. So, when the place tax was due, they couldnt assume it. The local politician visited the Peters house first for the payment. Peter said I didnt have money to pay you, go away and give me a bit of time But the Politician said Too bad for you Pay me or I am going to bear your house Peter was evicted the next day and his house was seized.When Peter came to Jaxs house, the Politician was visiting him already, too, demanding the property tax payment. Big brother, Brian showed up just in the nick of time carryin g a large dish full of money and he gave it to the politician. When the agent grabbed the bag and looked into it, he smiled a big smile and leftPeter and Jax were totally confused. They asked to their big brother, Brian, How is possible that you still had all that money? Brian replied because I know that two would end up wasting all of the money. So, I took the bulk of the inheritance from our parents and invested it over the past pit of years. The stock market has been performing well and we got lucky. I had a feeling that I would have to trammel both of your sorry, lazy butts out of a jam one of these daysSo, Peter and Jax learned their lesson. They decided to buckled down and go back to school for their degrees. Now, Peter is a music teacher at the local junior college. Even though he still plays in a heavy metal band, he has a nice savings and 401k saved for a rainy day. Jax went back to the school to study to be a fashion designer. He is now well know around the world for his club enliven clothing designs. He still parties with the top super models, but does it responsibly and all while prominent his big brother, Brian, the credit for his success.

Ongoing Corporate Human Resource Management Practice

Abstr doing Strategic HR practice is always a quarrel for some(prenominal) arranging to brook a set of service that is suitable to make the sense in terms of implementing the musical arrangements strategicalal plan. Because with out(a) proper evaluation of the term, a comp each whitethorn non find out the ch solelyenges and the probable scopes of remedyment. In todays business world we cannot avoid the graphic symbol of strategic practice especi completelyy in the service empyreans desire fast growing pious platitudeing sector. The margining service in the world is growing day by day.Bangladesh, albeit a under foundered country, is no exception from it. In the fresh period of time kind vision centering (HRM) practices became so familiar and momentous in both business sector of Bangladesh. The success of every presidential term is coming through the writ of execution of the employees of that organization. The in effect(p)ness of the employee performance is mostly depends upon the HR form _or_ system of government and practices. Therefore, the way should ascertain(p) the magnitude of strategic HRM practices. Keywords HR practice, Banking sector in Bangladesh.GJMBR Classification JEL Code O15 current Corporate military personnel Resource wariness Practice in Banking sector of Bangladesh Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of 2012 . Sadia Afroj. This is a research/review paper, distri plainlyed under the terms of the Creative putting surface AttributionNoncommercial 3. 0 Unported License http//creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3. 0/), permitting all(a) non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original graze is decently cited.Ongoing Corporate Human Resource Management Practice in Banking sector of Bangladesh organization to provide a set of service that is able to make the sense in terms of implementing the organizations strategic plan. Because without proper evaluation of the term, a company may not find out the challenges and the probable scopes of improvement. In todays business world we cannot avoid the contribution of strategic practice especially in the service sectors like fast growing coin banking sector. The banking service in the world is growing day by day. Bangladesh, albeit a developing country, is no exception from it.In the recent period of time Human Resource Management (HRM) practices became so familiar and momentous in every business sector of Bangladesh. The success of every organization is coming through the performance of the employees of that organization. The in effect(p)ness of the employee performance is largely depends upon the HR policy and practices. Therefore, the focal point should consider the magnitude of strategic HRM practices. The strategic plan for HR musical arrangement leave alone give a considerable guideline within which the c atomic number 18 can make decisions just more or less their human resource.In de signing the companys HR system the HR manager need to understand the nature of the companys business, their site in the market, more everywhere the objective and goal so that she or he can design a plan that will perfectly suits to achieve the strategic goal. This study has attempted to have knowledge about strategic HRM practices in the business sector of Bangladesh like the banking sector because it plays a pivotal role to the scotch growth of the country Abstract Strategic HR practice is always a challenge for any Keyword HR practice, Banking sector in Bangladesh. B I.Introduction anking is a powerful medium of socio economic changes in developing countries like Bangladesh. A well organized banking system can play a vital role in the development of the country. Human Resource Management is a distinctive approach to engagement management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce, victimization an integrated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques. Extensive cultivation and culture management programs, various(prenominal)ized give back management systems, as well as a range of employee nvolvement mechanisms, operate towards achieving enhanced employees contribution. It is a hale range of notions on management theory, style and practice. In maintaining About Business Administration Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh. E-mail emailprotected com II. The actual trend of HR practice in diametrical banks of Bangladesh In Bangladesh approximately of the human resource colligate decisions ar mainly interpreted by the central management. In contrasting branches these decisions ar just implemented. In different private banks of the 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)Global Journal of Management and Business seek and implementing balance between the employees aspirations and the goals of the bank, the bank must generate the highly effective and eff icient Human Resource Management. For the Human Resources Management to generate to the profitability, quality, and other organizational goals of the bank, it should be 105 able to airlessly integrate c arful formulation and decisionmaking. To be able to do this, it must perform various activities such as recruitment, compensation or big rewards, training or c atomic number 18er development, performance appraisal, and health and safety developments.For control and implementation effective strategic planning is required for each sector of banking as it is mere or less service orientated business unit. It is included into the direct management task. In banking these strategic practice includes evaluating the banks (business) privileged and external situation, properly define the business and developing a mission, translating the mission into the strategic goal as organizations goal and crafting a final dodge or course of action.Besides practicing HR in different units it is also a mammoth task for the banks to face the central and outer challenges. In different way the HR division sales, finance and manufacture the strategic over time to achieve its eventual(prenominal) objectives. Monitoring as well as changing the strategy also permits the business to cope up with the current demand. As the unit needs to improve the quality of its different service. Then the HR strategy might be to boost up employee quality consciousness through improved screening and required training.In formulating and implementing the HR strategy the business needs to follow the global trend and need to continually improve organizational performance. just HR department also should be careful enough to designing its strategic planning not just to execute. So when planning it the strategic manager must realize where they are now and where needs to go. vividness XII Issue II Version I F ebruary 2012 Sadia Afroj Ongoing Corporate Human Resource Management Practice in Banking sector o f Bangladesh Global Journal of Management and Business Research country it just follows the instruction come from the higher(prenominal) authority.All the banks have their Corporate foreland office in Dhaka and near of the strategic decisions are taken from on that point. For the better understanding of corporal business, continue long term relationship, ensure the desirable growth and ful lead the organizational goal. Strategic HR follows the basic trends in different private banks in Bangladesh as just maintaining the instruction of central authority. In different banks most of the employees agreed with this point that they are satisfies in the nature and trend on practicing strategic HR in different banks.As it is mentioned that most of the decisions are taken in corporate level, but at the time of appointment, that means on the eve of joining in the bank they are introduced with the legislation and different terms & 106 conditions of the organization. As a result each and ev ery employee gets a clear view about the ins and outs of their individual course of action. It also discloses the over all picture of the organization-its previous-currentfuture. As it provides an overall idea of front man of HR in the banks it covers almost all the areas. The current HR Strategic practice covers all over the areas like ?Recruitment and firing maintains the correct transit or not. ? In case of selection how the employees are treated. ? How they are oriented in new on the job(p) environment. ? The effectiveness of different realize and incentive packages. ? Whether the bank properly follow the promotion strategy. ? How effectively the employees handle different complains of the clients. ? Maintenance of different laws, safety act etc. F ebruary 2012 Depending upon the above factors the employees of different banks differs. The banks at the time of appointing new employees normally check their HRIS.As most of the bank always main updated Human Resource Information system, it is so easy for them to find out the empty position, where new employees are required. So there a little bit chance that there is lack of employees in different banks. The vacant situation raises mainly when ? Any employees leave or open fire without notice. ? Increase absenteeism because of illness. ? New branches are opened But the above factors dont have any long-term effect on the performance of a particular branch. Computer based information system and new recruitment immediately remove this short term problem.The corporate branch through effective job analysis mainly handles it. In different banks the employees thought that effective information system as well as prompt decision making deprived the problems which may arrive in employees shortage situation. In case of treatment in Bangladeshi banking sector inside job how the management handles their grievances. Whether there remain any unequal treatment among the employees having same quality and competencies. Huma n Resource plane section can ensure its smooth and accurate working environment if it can ensure that the employees will provide their label best effort.The employees can follow this way if they are ensured that they have enough mechanism in their hand to protest any kind of unfair practice within the organization as well as in such situation and the management will follow the act properly. The management is able to create enough interest among the employees within the organizational framework of its primary obligation to senior management or immediate higher authority For personnel recruitment and selection these banks follows some standard most of the cases.The practiced format for selection and recruitment is The corporate decide what positions will have to fill and how to fill the immediate as well as future requirements. This total procedure is designed to cover all positions from bottom to top level. As it is an integral part of the banks strategic HR and planning process through succession planning the higher authority implement it. The corporate HR department also decides the expansion process of their employment requirement. It detailed how to hire, screen the employees and where to put them. The common process of portent the personnel need is analyzing trends.The past data and present requirements construct the idea about the trend of employee requirement. The higher authority study variations in the banks employment level in last some years. Inauguration of Volume XII Issue II Version I As when over all HR situation is evaluated on the basis of the ongoing trend, the employees mainly tried to adjust their own chance and nature of handling different situation.. To ensure the smooth working environment it is internal for any organization to hire enough employees according to the necessities of each different branch.The employees requirements and posting differ because of the following aspects If the bank covers so many financial products then it needs more employees The necessities of employees differ on working procedure- mechanization or manual working process When there remain two or more branches close to each other, normally less employees is required as they have to handle comparatively lesser employees in that case Higher population creates pressure of fast service as well as larger number of employees. Because they need to handle larger customer group. 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Ongoing Corporate Human Resource Management Practice in Banking sector of Bangladesh new branches and service variations in different banks are the two main key indicators of establishing the trend of personnel requirement. By using the computer based information systemHRIS admirers approximation current and future employees requirement. This information system also figures the average employee demand the transferring from one branch to another(prenominal) the demand is fulfilled some times.Normally internal recruitment/se lection follows the above strategies. Most of the cases this strategy is taken for the key positions of the bank. Whether any employee is newly recruited or transferred from one place to another, they need to adapt the working environment. other than they may not give their best for the organization. For the adaptation in the new work responsibilities or working place, the employees may get help from the organizational policy. On the job training is a very effective mechanism for the proper orientation course of new employees.Form the collected data on various employees, we found that they are introduced to their new job by maintaining the organizational policy. Most of the employees especially who just introduced in the job, get a fresh and effective orientation from their organization as well as from the branch. Those who enter into the job as Management Trainee or Probationary officer always get 1-3 years probationary period with training to adapt and learn much about their job responsibilities and organizational rule. Training is a hallmark of impregnable management, and a task manager ignore at their peril.Having high potential employees does not guarantee they will succeed. Instead, they must know what the management want them to do and how to do that. If they dont know, they will do the job in their own way, not according to the managements preference. Therefore, effective training is essential for the improvement of both the employee and the organization. Employee motivation is one of the most important aspects of organizational behavior. The productivity and the performance of the employees largely depend on motivation.Motivation is the force that makes one do things this is a result of ones individual needs being satisfied (or met) so that s/he has inspiration to complete the task. These needs veer from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves. Depending on how motivated people are, it may further determine t he effort they put into their work and therefore append the standard of the output. There are various health and safety laws existing in Bangladesh. But these are mainly applicable for the industries where insecure equipments are used. But in banks there is no hazardous equipment orThe EEOC will take action if the at a lower place two situation arise To fail or refuse to hire or to discharge an individuals or discriminate against any individual with respect to his or her compensation ,terms , condition or privilege of employment , because of such individuals race, simulation , righteousness, gender or national origin. To limit ,segregate or classify his or her employees or applicant for employment in any way that would deprived or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunity or adversely affect his or her status as an employee race, color , religion, gender or national origin.In Bangladesh it is found that most of the employees are satisfied with the prevailing st rategic process and procedure of the bank. They feel that the HR department is playing a vital play in employee protagonism role. They also believe that the recruitment and selection policy is fair enough to choose the competent employees for the organization. The orientation process and training facility excising in the organization is proper for achieving the strategic goals of the banks. The pay package and benefit package is 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and Business Research nstrument is used. So there are fewer requirements for marinating rigorous health and safety measure. However, banks are prepared for any fire related virgule and mere illness of the employees. They keep fire extinguishers in their office and first aid facilities is also getable The most prominent HR manager can take to ensure their strategic contribution to develop measurement system. To increase the moral of employees, the HR manager first knows the immensity of particula r work and importance of employees hundred percentage contribution to the work.On the basis of the judgment HR manger first tell apart the task of the specific employees task, according to the job pattern train up the employee, provide all the equipment to perform the task and try to develop ethics to the employee and lastly give motivation to perform the work 107 properly. Every employee gives a vast knowledge how they create value for the organization through their work and help to achieve the organizational goal. When the employees know that how much important to perform the work properly, automatically it help to increase the moral of employees.Equal Employment Opportunity means employer cannot discriminate on the basis of race color religion gender or national origin with respect to employment. There are EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) political science who monitor the discrimination complain. They make the judgment through the law of the country. Volume XII Iss ue II Version I F ebruary 2012 Ongoing Corporate Human Resource Management Practice in Banking sector of Bangladesh F ebruary 2012 also at a satisfactory level.To fulfill the strategic objective and goals, the working environment and employee treatment should be well defined and it must have to be implemented properly. But in case of placing right people in the right place, the opinion varies among the employees. Some of them think that they are not placed in the exact position for what they are appropriate for. In some of the cases like employment rule, equal employment situation a considerable portion of the bankers are not sure about then policy practiced.HRIS is needed to improve the productivity and performance of the human resource department, but in all of the beaches HRIS is not practiced in detail. III. Conclusion 108 HRM practices are crucial for every organization for the proper management for all activities in an organization. As the activities are done through the human asset of the organization, therefore the management should be very much cautious to formulate and implement the HR policy for their organization that could satisfy and inspire the employee to meet the organizational goal.It has been disclosed that the present practices of strategic HRM are in satisfactory level with some little variation. Therefore, the management should continue their present practice and take initiatory to resolve this problem. This industry is growing rapidly and to sustain this growth, effective and timely policy should be taken. Volume XII Issue II Version I Global Journal of Management and Business Research References References Referencias 1. Terrey, G R and Franklin, S G (1996).Principles of Management (8th ed. ), Delhi A. I. T. B. S. Publishers and Distributors. 2. Stone, R. J. , 2002. Human Resource Management, 4th (Edn. ). Jhon Wiley and Sons, Australia, pp 4 3. Byars, L. L. and L. W. Rue, 2000 Human Resource Management. 6th (Edn. ). McGraw-Hill, Bosto n, pp 3. 4. Wright, P. M. , G. C. McMahan and A. McWilliams, 1994. Human Resources and sustained competitive advantage A resource based perspective. Intl. J. Human Resource Management, Vol5, pp 301-26. 5. Mc Namara, C. P. 1999. Making human capital productive, Business and Economic Review, Vol 46, pp 10-17. 6. Pfeffer, J. , 1998. The Human Equation, Harvard Business groom Press, Boston, Massachusetts. pp 111-12. 7. Giordano, A. G. , 19871. Concise Dictionary of Business Terminology. Pentice-Hall, NJ. , p18 8. Gubman, E. L. , 1995. Aligning people strategies with customer value. Compensation and eudaemonia Review, p22 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journals Inc. (US) Guidelines Handbook 2012 www. GlobalJournals. org

Alfieri

The bleed A View from the Bridge by Arthur moth miller is a short play with nine main geeks. One of these nine characters is Alfieri. He is the first character that the audience meets. Alfieri is a natural lawyer to whom Eddie Carbone goes to for advice in the middle of the play. Alfieri in any case plays a part role as a narrator. He is the character that moves and ends the play and gives the audience mount detail as well as inside hints at what he thinks will happen.Alfieris opening speech is a precise long and comminuted prologue with a lot of information for the audience. Some may say that it gets a secondment boring as it is a lot to take in and in that sense Arthur Miller has taken a bit ofa gamble choosing to start his play off with something like that. It is an introductory speech that introduces the play to the audience and finishes it. finished this opening speech we learn a lot and it is a rattling thorough and informative flip of dialogue. One thing that we le arn is that the events that are approaching ill be bloody and tragic in their conclusions.Alfieri hints at the story and this is one of the tactics of keeping the audience interested. sat there as nerveless as l, and watched it run its bloody course. This last sentence in his speech while he is unaccompanied to the audience tells us what is to come and gets us ready for what is about to unfold in this play. To start Offa play with a speech like Alfieris, leaving the audience with this sentence creates an atmosphere right at the start of the play and it makes the audience want to find out hat he is trying to prepare them for.Alfieri likewise gives some background to the play and some history to the setting. He gives part of a Sicilian background which gives us a broader view and some background information of the setting. .. in Sicily, form where their fathers came, the law has non been a friendly idea since the Greeks were beaten. In most of the speech Alfieri is talking abou t what people imagination of lawyers and how they were looked upon. A lawyer is a bad omen to them, something that is thought and seen negatively, unlucky to the neighbourhood. This tells us that the community is very superstitious. I am a lawyer. In this neighbourhood to meet a lawyer or a priest is unlucky. the idea of law. .. the law has not been a friendly idea. Alfieri gives his own personal history and uses this as an opportunity to introduce himself to the audience. He is also the one who introduces Eddie Carbone to the audience. This is where his narrator role comes in. Arthur Miller has given Alfieri a very important and creative character played like this as a double role. l am a lawyer. l was born in Italy. I only came here when I was 20 five. Eddie Carbone, a longshoreman working the docks from Brooklyn Bridge. In his dialogue, Alfieri also gives a bit of the New York background with bittie details such as the specific setting he mentions. Although it seems like a long speech, in this prologue there is a large amount of information lying beneath it which emerges from it, and with all this information it is kind of short in comparison. In it he also mentions history form way back in the Roman times, Caesars courses which was almost 2000 years ago. But this is Red Hook, since the Greeks were beaten .. that in some Caesars year He is saying in this speech that in those times till now law is frowned upon scarcely things have changed since then. People have become more civilised now and that is why things have settled down.There is compromise now. Alfieri then goes on to say that one thing that hasnt changed since 2000 years ago, even though law is seen badly, that there will always be a Job for a lawyer. now we settle for half, and I like it better. every few years there is still a case, l no long-lived keep a pistol in my filing cabinet. Justice is very important here. Alfieris opening prologue is very important. In it he plays a comm entator, getting the audience ready for the intensity of the plays meaning, hinting at whats going to background. He poses questions to the audience in his own way and explains and provides evidence on a number of things. He also comments on different things and gives a lot of information in this play and gives his opinion on them. He plays a very important part and provides the backbone to the play.

Managing for the future Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Managing for the future - Assignment compositors caseThe analysis of the performance then focuses on how the confederation has performed in these three factors. Finally scenario development is through and the management initiative that needs to be taken for the success of the organization in future has been recommended. caller Overview Marks and Spencer (M&S) has been operating in the retail industry for last 129 years and has transformed itself from a angiotensin converting enzyme commercialize stall to a multi-channel retailer who has international presence. The company is operating in more than than 50 territories with employee strength of 82,000 people. They stand on the pillars of trust, innovation, value, service, quality and works hard to ensure that that they sustain in the market by continuing to offer value relevant to the customers. They are shifting their focus from United dry grease and diversifying their product range, location and channels in order to broaden t heir focus towards the international market. The turnover of the company from the market of UK comes from general merchandises (46%) and food (54%). They offer great value, high quality, stylish clo topic and home products. Beside this they overly offer quality food that is sourced from several suppliers present all roughly the world. In UK they have around 766 stores facilitated with flourishing e-commerce business. In UK they are the market leader in menswear, womens wear and lingerie section. ... In order to make these initiatives successful the company has engaged their customer, suppliers and employees (Marks and Spencer plc, 2013a). Companys History from two hundred7 to 2013 M&S aims to place itself as a multi-channel retailer that is truly international and making them accessible to more and more customers present around the world. The company has implemented wide range of activities and claims to make progress and extract benefits from them. unrivaled of the most signifi cant initiatives that the company has taken is the design of Plan A. Through this plan M&S aims to make the operation of Republic of Ireland and UK carbon neutral, broaden sustainable sourcing, no waste is send to the land fill, set standards for ethical trading and help the people to move towards healthy lifestyle (Marks and Spencer plc, 2007). This plan creates an electrical shock on the corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental issues and sustainability. Following is the overview of what the company has done in these bygone seven years. 2007 In this year M&S plans to initiate a five year, 100 point, ?200 million eco-plan that touches every part of the company and transforms the way in which they conduct business. This plan aims towards doing the right thing. The company initially started with 100 commitments which were later extended to 180 commitments. This plan is made to work in collaboration with the suppliers and the customers who look towards combating with the climatic changes, trade ethically, use raw materials that are sustainable, reduce waste and boost the customers to lead a healthy lifestyle (Marks and Spencer plc, 2013b). This

Master thesis proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Master thesis - Research scheme ExampleThe pandemic of HIV/AIDS threatens not only the local population but has far-flung ramifications for the rest of the world and needs to be address urgently and incorporated as intrinsic go of business strategy and social responsibility by the global business community.Financial aids to the gun for hire Sahara is critical for developing infrastructure for the ontogenesis processes so as to enable the local population to drop dead self reliant and sour proactive participants. The regions boast of the huge natural resources, rich in minerals and strange metals like gold, platinum, diamond etc. which are presently being exploited by the foreign agencies with precisely regard to the welfare of the local population.Financial aid would serve as the major incentive for promoting democratisation of the republics and reinforcing equitable distribution of wealth through programmes and policies. The approach needs to be focused on literacy and scho oling processes to promote income generating activities designed to raise the standard of living.But the rampant corruption in the sub Sahara greatly dissuades the donors which may defeat the objective of aid. According to a BBC report, corruption is costing Africa more than $148bn dollars a year, change magnitude the cost of goods by as much as 20%, deterring investment and holding back development (BBC, 2002). The corruption has been found to be the most insidious factor that infiltrates almost all strata of society of change Saharan Africa. From the high level political grafts to low level bribing of police and custom official has become the norm that de-accelerates the development process. It therefore, becomes the major instrument adversely impacts the objectives of financial aid and must be addressed to improve and improvise the outcome of the same.What is financial aids effect on the Sub Saharan